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Jewish meditation can refer to several traditional practices, ranging from visualization and intuitive methods, forms of emotional insight in communitive prayer, esoteric combinations of Divine names, to intellectual analysis of philosophical, ethical or mystical concepts. It often accompanies unstructured, personal Jewish prayer that can allow isolated contemplation, and underlies the instituted Jewish services. Its elevated psychological insights can give birth to dveikus (cleaving to God), particularly in Jewish mysticism. The accurate traditional Hebrew term for meditation is Hitbodedut/Hisbodedus (literally self "seclusion"), while the more limited term Hitbonenut/Hisbonenus ("contemplation") describes the conceptually directed intellectual method of meditation.〔''Meditation and Kabbalah'', Aryeh Kaplan, Samuel Wieser publications: chapters on The Schools, Methods and Vocabulary. Kaplan points out that previous to his writing, these two terms were sometimes mistakenly confused by interchange.〕 Through the centuries, some of the common forms include the practices in philosophy and ethics of Abraham ben Maimonides; in Kabbalah of Abraham Abulafia, Isaac the Blind, Azriel of Gerona, Moses Cordovero, Yosef Karo and Isaac Luria; in Hasidism of the Baal Shem Tov, Schneur Zalman of Liadi and Nachman of Breslov; and in the Musar movement of Israel Salanter and Simcha Zissel Ziv.〔Scholem, G.G. (1974) Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, New York, Schocken Books.〕 In its esoteric forms, "''Meditative Kabbalah''" is one of the three branches of Kabbalah, alongside "Theosophical" Kabbalah and the separate Practical Kabbalah. It is a common misconception to include Meditative Kabbalah in Practical Kabbalah, which seeks to alter physicality, while Meditative Kabbalah seeks insight into spirituality, together with the intellectual theosophy comprising "Kabbalah Iyunit" ("''Contemplative Kabbalah''")〔(What is Practical Kabbalah? ) from www.inner.org. Distinction of the two forms and three branches of Kabbalah explained further in ''What You Need to Know About Kabbalah'', Yitzchak Ginsburgh, Gal Einai publications, section on Practical Kabbalah; and ''Meditation and Kabbalah'', Aryeh Kaplan, introduction〕 ==History== There is evidence that Judaism has had meditative practices from the earliest times. For instance, in the Torah, the patriarch Isaac is described as going "lasuach" in the field - a term understood by some commentators as some type of meditative practice (Genesis 24:63).〔Kaplan, A. (1978), ''Meditation and the Bible'', Maine, Samuel Weiser Inc, p101〕 Similarly, there are indications throughout the Tanach (the Hebrew Bible) that Judaism always contained a central meditative tradition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish meditation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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